Irrigation engineering define
Irrigation is defined as the process of artificial supply of water to soil for raising crops. It is a science of planning and designing an efficient, low-cost, economic irrigation system tailored to fit natural conditions.
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What is the irrigation department?
The Irrigation Department is a “A class” Government Department formed in 110 years ago,
subject to the control and direction of the Minister in charge of the subject of Irrigation.
One way water is supplied to town residents is for the water department pump water from a reservoir,
river, or well into a water tower, which often sits on high points in the town. Using gravity (free!), the water flows through pipes all the way to the last house in a subdivision.
What is the importance of water in civil engineering?
Water in soil preparation in carious structures. Be it to help compact soil to its densest underneath a road,
or on the back side of a retaining wall, foundations etc
What are the methods of irrigation?
There are five basic methods of irrigation flooding
- furrow irrigation
- trickle
- sprinkling
- sub irrigation.
1. Wild Flooding.
This method of irrigation consists in turning the water onto natural slopes without much control or prior preparation.
2. Furrow Irrigation.
This method of irrigation is widely used for row crops, and small furrows, called corrugations,
have been used for forage crops such as alfalfa.
3. Sprinkler Irrigation.
The development of lightweight pipe with quick couplers resulted in a rapid increase in sprinkler irrigation after World War II.
4. Trickle Irrigation.
Trickle irrigation is that method of irrigation in which water (and nutrients) are continuous ly applied at
the base of each plant through small plastic tubes
virtually eliminates all evapora tion from soil, deep percolation, and runoff,
and leads to very high efficiency in the use of water.
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5. Sub Surface Irrigation.
In a few areas soil conditions are favorable to sub irrigation.
What are the natural source of water?
There are a total of three natural sources of water. They are categorized as rain water, underground water and surface water.
What is the quality of water used in irrigation?
The chemical characteristics of irrigation water refer to the content of salts in the water as well as to
parameters derived from the composition of salts in the water
parameters such as EC/TDS full forms (Electrical Conduc tivity/ Total Dissolved Solids), SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio) alkalini ty and hardness.
What is the difference between drainage and irrigation?
Before we start discussing the many equations surrounding Irrigation and Drainage, let us first know the basic difference between the two.
What is sprinkling irrigation?
An irrigation sprinkler is a device used to irrigate agricultural crops, lawns, landscapes, golf courses, and other areas.
They are also used for cooling and for the control of airborne dust.
Sprinkler irrigation is the method of applying water in a controlled manner in way similar to rainfall.
How can a drip irrigation system help you save water?
Drip irrigation is a type of micro- irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by
allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants,
either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface.
What is irrigation, and its types?
Irrigation is the process of applying controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and
re vegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall.
The four methods of irrigation are:
- Surface
- Sprinkler
- Drip/trickle
- Subsurface
Surface irrigation
Surface irrigation consists of a broad class of irrigation methods inwhich water is distributed over the soil surface by gravity flow. .
Sprinkler irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation is a method of irrigation in which water is sprayed, or sprinkled through the air in rain like drops.
Drip&trickle irrigation
Drip/trickle irrigation systems are methods of micro irrigation wherein water is applied through
emitters to the soil surface as drops or small streams.
Subsurface irrigation
Subsurface irrigation consists of methods whereby irrigation water is applied below the soil surface. The specific type of irrigation method varies depending on the depth of the water table.
What are the advantage and disadvantage irrigation engineering?
Advantage and disadvantage following terms
ADVANTAGES
- Irrigation makes it possible to grow cash crops which give good returns to the cultivators. Examples of cash crops are; sugarcane, potato, tobacco etc.
- It improves the groundwater storage as water lost due to seepage adds to groundwater storage.
- It improves the yields of crops which mean more income for the farmer people prosperous.
- We use it to help the growth of crops during the period of inadequate rainfall.
DISADVANTAGES
- Excessive seepage and leakage of water create marshes and ponds all along the channels.
- It lowers the temperature and makes the locality damp due to the presence of irrigation water.
- Excessive seepage into the ground raises the water, hence causing water logging of the area.
Define quantity of water
Most of the earth consists of water , there is much more water than there is land. About 70% of the earth's surface is covered in water.
